Categories: ARTSCULPTURE

Gothic

The Gothic period is essentially defined by Gothic architecture and does not entirely fit with the development of style in sculpture at either its start or finish. The facades of large churches, especially around doors, continued to have large tympanums, but also rows of sculpted figures spreading around them. The statues on the Western (Royal) Portal at Chartres Cathedral (c. 1145) show an elegant but exaggerated columnar elongation, but those on the south transept portal, from 1215 to 1220, show a more naturalistic style and increasing detachment from the wall behind, and some awareness of the classical tradition. These trends were continued in the west portal at Reims Cathedral a few years later, where the figures are almost in the round, as became usual as Gothic spread across Europe.^[71]

In Italy Nicola Pisano (1258–1278) and his son Giovanni developed a style that is often called Proto-Renaissance, with unmistakable influence from Roman sarcophagi and sophisticated and crowded compositions, including a sympathetic handling of nudity, in relief panels on their pulpit of Siena Cathedral (1265–68), the Fontana Maggiore in Perugia, and Giovanni’s pulpit in Pistoia of 1301.^[72] Another revival of classical style is seen in the International Gothic work of Claus Sluter and his followers in Burgundy and Flanders around 1400.^[73] Late Gothic sculpture continued in the North, with a fashion for very large wooden sculpted altarpieces with increasingly virtuoso carving and large numbers of agitated expressive figures; most surviving examples are in Germany, after much iconoclasm elsewhere. Tilman Riemenschneider, Veit Stoss and others continued the style well into the 16th century, gradually absorbing Italian Renaissance influences.^[74]

Life-size tomb effigies in stone or alabaster became popular for the wealthy, and grand multi-level tombs evolved, with the Scaliger Tombs of Verona so large they had to be moved outside the church. By the 15th century, there was an industry exporting Nottingham alabaster altar reliefs in groups of panels over much of Europe for economical parishes that could not afford stone retables.^[75] Small carvings, for a mainly lay and often female market, became a considerable industry in Paris and some other centres. Types of ivories included small devotional polyptychs, single figures, especially of the Virgin, mirror cases, combs, and elaborate caskets with scenes from Romances, used as engagement presents.^[76] The very wealthy collected extravagantly elaborate jewelled and enamelled metalwork, both secular and religious, like the Duc de Berry‘s Holy Thorn Reliquary, until they ran short of money when they have melted down again for cash.^[77]

Patrick Bijou

Sir Patrick has helped many investors protect themselves by detecting fraudulent schemes before they happen. Trusted Experience Those who have ever sought to learn how to make money through investment, have likely come across the name of H. E. Sir Patrick Bijou. This multi-talented businessman has authored over 25 published books and is a recognized authority in his field. His books are written in several genres, from non-fiction to fiction. They cover various subjects such as business management, ethics, corporate governance, and judicial governance. Besides being an accomplished author, Sir Patrick is a globally recognized financial expert and speaker. He uses keynote opportunities to inspire and educate his audiences. Whether working with first-time business owners or high-net-worth private banking clients. Likewise, he has worked with the world's most successful entrepreneurs, helping them master the art of influence and wealth creation. His work spans the financial industry, from first-time business owners to high-net-worth private banking clients. He believes in building solid relationships with the right people and values trust, respect, and integrity. Making A Difference His wealth creation and investment strategy approach has allowed him to transform hundreds of individuals into experts in their fields. He combines his legal disposition and financial expertise to make a difference. His experience has enabled him to teach various methodologies to help individuals and organizations develop their wealth and leadership potential. This includes business owners, investors, and entrepreneurs alike. This makes Sir Patrick an invaluable asset in investment and wealth creation. He believes in maintaining healthy relationships and that individuals can achieve anything in life if they believe in themselves and have the tools to do so. He has established professional relationships with many prominent people based on transparency, integrity, and a shared belief. His rare sense of innovation helps him keep up with changing trends. Giving Back To Humanity While famous for his business ventures, Sir Patrick enjoys serving humanity and aims to make a difference in people's lives. He has been involved in many philanthropic organizations and has sourced funds to support other benevolent organizations. As the founder and Chairman of Empire Trust, His Excellency Sir Patrick Bijou offers a portfolio of ground breaking opportunities to top investors with an appetite of 3 million dollars or more. Coming out of the gate with a roar, Empire Trust has launched its IPO, Empire Motors. Empire Motors, listed at www.empiremotorworks.com, is an Israeli car startup with a business model and technology base to disrupt the automotive industry. On their website https://empiretrust.org/about/ it reads: “EMPIRE TRUST, Investment strategies and vehicles for serving investors, humanity and the Empire of David” and linked to a “Citizenship” application page whereby one can apply to become a subject of the Empire of David. When his excellency was asked what else is in the pipeline for Empire Trust, Sir Patrick ticked off an extensive list of a dozen cross industry startups in the works that range from the alluring and sexy electric cars to a whole new way to move ships and submarines in the water faster, safer and more efficiently. Sir Patrick continued to describe an app that will help people make it to heaven “We are developing an app that will help manage your journey to heaven” Said Sir Patrick Bijou, now wealthy Christian investors can do their part in fulfilling the “Great Commission” to make disciples of all nations, Heaven Saved app will do that automatically with a social platform enhanced by Artificial intelligence” Philanthropy In addition to his professional background, His Excellency Sir Patrick Bijou, is actively engaged and involved in charitable work. He is deeply involved with participating and funding World Peace Tracts, a world renown diplomatic peace organization with hundreds of World Peace Ambassadors across the world, working to stop wars, release captives and provide relief. As the head of a special task force to end the silent Nigeria genocide, “His Excellency Sir Patrick Bijou has been instrumental in leading and sponsoring this special Task Force and we are grateful for his leadership and financial support” exclaimed Yosef Yomtov, founder of World Peace Tracts. World Peace Tracts has been instrumental in effecting the world narrative in respect to the Ukraine and Russia conflict which has spurred the entry of Israel into the negotiations to broker an end to the hostilities. “I think everyone who is able should give generously to the work of peace as it affects all of humanity” said Sir Patrick Bijou, who is also a member of the board of directors of World Peace Tracts. www.peacetracts.org/give His philosophy is that no mountain is too high to climb. Every day brings a fresh opportunity to make the world we all live and work in a better, more creative, and more compassionate place. Likewise, there are solutions to every obstacle if one has the right tools, so even the most challenging dream can be achieved with imagination, creativity, and perseverance. When asked: “what is your vision for humanity?” “The Worldwide and Everlasting Empire of David” said he.